Tag Archives: infrastructure

“Cultural Heritage Infrastructures in Digital Humanities” free for 7 days

Cultural Heritage Infrastructures in Digital Humanities (2017) is free to access for one week, get free access to the book (via this link) for 7 days.

After this 7-day period, you can buy a copy for £10/$15!

You can also visit the official Routledge History, Heritage Studies etc. Twitter page

and thanks to Routledge editor Heidi Lowther.

Notes from DH2015 presentation

Infrastructure Requirements For A World Heritage Archival Infrastructure

Conference: DH2015 UWS Sydney

Here are notes from a short talk at Digital Humanities 2015 conference, Sydney. Never published. Writing a new paper on digital and virtual heritage infrastructures at the moment. So much of the below to update!

Abstract

  • This short presentation describes a project to survey, collate and develop tools for heritage sites and related built environments, focusing initially on Australia
  • Consolidate and disseminate 3D models and virtual environments of world heritage sites
  • Host virtual heritage examples, tutorials, tools and technologies involving community involvement and groups in policy formulation (plus PhDs and postdocs)
  • Evaluation and further application of 3D digital environments and digital models for classroom use and general visualisation projects

Digital heritage disappearing faster than the real heritage

  • “In the very near future some critical issues will need to be addressed; increased accessibility to (and sharing of) heritage data, consistent interface design for widespread public use and re-­‐presentations of work, the formalization of a digital heritage database, establishment of a global infrastructure, institutionalized, archival standards for digital heritage and most importantly the on-­‐going curation, of work forward in time as the technology evolves so that our current digital heritage projects will not be lost to future generations. We cannot afford to have our digital heritage disappearing faster than the real heritage or the sites it seeks to ‘preserve’ otherwise all of our technological advances, creative interpretations, visualizations and efforts will have been in vain.” [Thwaites, Harold. “Digital Heritage: What Happens When We Digitize Everything?” Visual Heritage in the Digital Age. Springer London, 2013. 327-­‐348.]
  • Virtual heritage==oxymoron

Virtual Heritage Environments (VHEs) should help the public to

  • Create, share and discuss hypothetical or counterfactual places.
  • Meet virtually in these places with colleagues to discuss them.
  • Contextually understand limitations forced on their predecessors.
  • Develop experiential ways to entice a new audience to both admire the content and the methods of their area of research.

Examples:

  1. Renaissance-Blaxun..GONE! Except in paper: An Authoring Tool for Intelligent Educational Games, Massimo Zancanaro, Alessandro Cappelletti, Claudio Signorini, Carlo Strapparava, *Buy eBook. We discuss the need of an authoring environment clearly separated by the game in order to allow a technical staff without any skill in either AI or Computer Science to encode the “intelligence” of the game..”
  2. Ancient Rome now ancient history.. GONE, REMOVED!
    http://www.openculture.com/2009/03/ancient_rome_in_3d_on_google_earth.html  OR http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MqMXIRwQniA
    Image: http://www.virtualtripping.com/google-earths-rome-reborn/  2008:“The original provider of the data asked that it be removed.”
  3. Beyond Time and Space..GONE! http://www.geek.com/news/expore-the-virtual-forbidden-city-courtesy-of-ibm-593731/ OR http://www.beyondspaceandtime.org/
    Long story short, according to Mure Dickie writing in the October 10, 2008 Financial Times: “A virtual Forbidden City offering the kind of immersive and interactive online experience pioneered by multiplayer role-playing games such as Second Life.”

Missing infrastructures

  • “Archaeology is messy, and it deals with three-dimensional artifacts in four-dimensional space-time. Its publications should reflect that.” Reference: Publishing Archaeological Linked Open Data: From Steampunk to Sustainability
  • “Museums must work together to combat cultural destruction”-Julian Raby
  • ‘You’re never going to be able to put the originals back – not only because they’ve been dispersed but because they would be prone to further destruction. We need to start thinking differently about how we activate the objects in our collections. We need to contextualise them, but also to think about how material that’s been dispersed can become a collective resource.;
    URL: http://www.apollo-magazine.com/museums-must-work-together-to-combat-cultural-destruction/#.VZPR9ZFOPao.twitter

The museums of tomorrow

https://twitter.com/plevy/status/433058523836985344/photo/1

Digital Preservation Does Not Mean Digital Safety

IBM estimates 90% of the world’s data has been created in last 2 years alone.. Minecraft Denmark created at 1:1 (1tb data,  4000 billion bricks) but blown up by US hackers, refer http://blogs.lse.ac.uk/impactofsocialsciences/2014/07/07/reproducible-computing-rctrack-big-data-challenge/

Learning problems: how to

  • preserve and integrate 3D/multimedia
  • access and ownership of models, sites & paradata
  • lack of guidelines and shared procedures
  • no shared standardised evaluation data
  • audience issues

DH involves community and collaboration

Digital Humanities and Open Access: An Interview with Brett Bobley of the National Endowment for the Humanities

  • I’ve often said that digital humanities (or DH for short) is just an umbrella term – a term of convenience –that refers to a whole bunch of activities happening where the humanities interacts with technology.
  • Perhaps one skill that most (but not all) scholars may find helpful is the ability to work collaboratively. The vast majority of the DH grants we make are to teams of people from different disciplines working together.
  • ..we’re seeing more Internet-based humanities resources, databases, scholarly editions, and digital libraries that make incredible resources available for free.
  • http://www.righttoresearch.org/blog/digital-humanities-and-open-access-an-interview-wi.shtml

Bad citation rates

Check out the citation rates for different fields especially humanities at the bottom.

Recomposing Scholarship: The critical ingredients for a more inclusive scholarly communication system, http://blogs.lse.ac.uk/impactofsocialsciences/2013/10/25/gray-recomposing-scholarship/

  • Scholarship is not just about publication, but about interaction, interpretation, exchange, deliberation, discourse, debate, and controversy.
  • Plato writes of understanding as being a kind of flash that occurs between two people trying to come to terms with something from different viewpoints, a flash that arises from the friction of discussion and momentarily floods everything with light.
  • The value of a piece of scholarly text is in the interaction it has with its readers, in the sparks it generates, the friction and light that it produces – whether tomorrow, or in a hundred years time.

Research transcends disciplines, geography, institutions and stakeholders

  • Stakeholder Governed – a board-governed organisation drawn from stakeholder[s]…
  • Non-discriminatory membership
  • Transparent operations – achieving trust … best achieved through transparent processes and operations in general..
  • Cannot lobby – the community should collectively drive regulatory change.
  • Living will – publicly describe a plan addressing the condition under which an organisation would be wound down, how this would happen..
  • Formal incentives to fulfil mission & wind-down – infrastructures exist for a specific purpose… incentives to deliver on the mission and wind down.

Infra-infrastructure

Cultural heritage tools and archives 2013 workshop

Digital Heritage 2013

note: digital heritage 2015 Granada Spain 5-9 Oct

APA Bologna model

Blender (interactive in OpenSceneGraph)

International efforts

  • 3D Icons (3D HOP) in CIDOC CRM
  • Europeana
  • Smithsonian Institute X3D BETA
  • Fraunhoefer (X3DOM ON GITHUB)
  • Ariadne
  • CARARE
  • EU EPOCH
  • V-MUST
  • DARIAH, CLARIN, DASISH

2 year workshops-collab project

NEH idea: Hold two workshops a year apart, with technical support working on projects discussed in the interim..

UCLA VSim real-time exploration of highly detailed, 3D computer models

  • Supports interaction with content generated in free modeling software (e.g., SketchUp andBlender) using the common COLLADA format.
  • Mechanisms fto annotate their 3D work, embed & categorize comments about modeled environment
  • Mechanism for embedding spatially aware links to URLs and primary and secondary resources
  • Supporting the creation of academic arguments within the virtual environments either as a linear narrative or as a sequence of annotations encountered during user-driven exploration.
  • Providing a mechanism to package the 3D environment, associated narratives, and embedded resources into a single file for distribution
  • Accommodating citation of project content at model, narrative, node, & embedded resource levels.

Australia

  • Funding bodies (?)
  • Data Capture (CSIRO, iVEC)
  • Organisations (ICOMOS, CAA, ICOM, AIA)
  • Shareholders (education, spatial, tourism, GLAM)
  • Previous and current work (TROVE, HUNI, MUKURTU, Vanuatu Cultural Centre db, Canning Stock Route)

[Australia] historic collections could be lost to ‘digital dinosaurs’

  • Brunig: 5billion industry, 25% digitised, 629km of archives
  • MUST shift to open access models and greater collaboration with the public
  • Explore new approaches to copyright management that stimulate creativity and support creators
  • Build on aggregation initiatives such as the Atlas of Living Australia
  • Answer: exploiting the potential of Australia’s Academic and Research Network (AARNet) and the National Broadband Network (NBN) for collection and collaboration
  • http://www.csiro.au/Portals/Media/Australian-museums-risk-becoming-digital-dinosaurs.aspx OR 
https://theconversation.com/historic-collections-could-be-lost-to-digital-dinosaurs-31524

Australasian world heritage

  • 19 UNESCO WH listed sites, oldest rainforests + 1/3 world’s protected marine areas.
  • Iconic: Great Barrier Reef , Wet Tropics, Daintree Rainforest (QLD); Greater Blue Mountains (NSW); NTs’ Kakadu + Uluru/Kata Tjuta National Parks; WA’s Purnululu National Park (Kimberley) + Ningaloo coast.
  • 3 m hectare Tas. Wilderness World Heritage Area=7 criteria, most on planet.
  • Many remote: Australian Fossil Mammal Sites-Naracoorte SA and Riversleigh QLD.
  • Whole islands: QLD Fraser Island; entire Lord Howe Island Group NSW; and Macquarie, Heard and McDonald Islands in the sub-Antarctic region off the coast of Tasmania.
  • Harrowing histories: 11 World Heritage Australian Convict Sites.
  • Buildings: Sydney Opera House, Royal Exhibition Buildings + Carlton Gardens VIC.

Maintenance issues

  • Australia-short term funding
  • Conflicting or redundant organisations
  • Management model
  • Unforeseen costs
  • Data management planning
  • Compatibility and access issues
  • Interactive vs purely static archive formats

Options

  • Re-record everything (3D capture) accurately or agree on labelling.
  • Template or provide framework to support / record sites (from charter?)
  • Immersive explanation of every 3D site.
  • Policies to encourage use/re-use of 3D models.
  • Collection and dissemination network.
  • Store models, base components, paradata, or embed exes? See https://olivearchive.org/ “for long-term preservation of software, games, and other executable content.”

Incentives

  • provide showcases; critical mass for funding
  • use in teaching; wider range of audiences;
  • prizes awards or other recognition
  • long-term depository
  • citation and dynamic linking may be possible
  • Modification of CC for 3D models and sites
  • Changes to copyright system based on levels of detail or components

Format issues

  • Anyone who has worked in the field of computer graphics for even a short time knows about the bewildering array of storage formats for graphical objects. It seems as though every programmer creates a new file format for nearly every new programming project.
  • The way out of this morass of formats is to create a single file format that is both flexible enough to anticipate future needs and that is simple enough so as not to drive away potential users.
  • http://paulbourke.net/dataformats/ply/

References-software

Conclusion

 

New Journal Article on Geospatial Semantic Web

The amount of digital cultural heritage data produced by cultural heritage institutions is growing rapidly. Digital cultural heritage repositories have therefore become an efficient and effective way to disseminate and exploit digital cultural heritage data. However, many digital cultural heritage repositories worldwide share technical challenges such as data integration and interoperability among national and regional digital cultural heritage repositories. The result is dispersed and poorly-linked cultured heritage data, backed by non-standardized search interfaces, which thwart users’ attempts to contextualize information from distributed repositories. A recently introduced geospatial semantic web is being adopted by a great many new and existing digital cultural heritage repositories to overcome these challenges. However, no one has yet conducted a conceptual survey of the geospatial semantic web concepts for a cultural heritage audience. A conceptual survey of these concepts pertinent to the cultural heritage field is, therefore, needed. Such a survey equips cultural heritage professionals and practitioners with an overview of all the necessary tools, and free and open source semantic web and geospatial semantic web platforms that can be used to implement geospatial semantic web-based cultural heritage repositories. Hence, this article surveys the state-of-the-art geospatial semantic web concepts, which are pertinent to the cultural heritage field. It then proposes a framework to turn geospatial cultural heritage data into machine-readable and processable resource description framework (RDF) data to use in the geospatial semantic web, with a case study to demonstrate its applicability. Furthermore, it outlines key free and open source semantic web and geospatial semantic platforms for cultural heritage institutions. In addition, it examines leading cultural heritage projects employing the geospatial semantic web. Finally, the article discusses attributes of the geospatial semantic web that require more attention, that can result in generating new ideas and research questions for both the geospatial semantic web and cultural heritage fields.

Sustainability of 3D models-the hidden criticism

I mentioned last month Hafizur and I had an open access journal article out, “3D Digital Heritage Models as Sustainable Scholarly Resources” at MDPI Sustainability journal.

Champion, E.; Rahaman, H. 3D Digital Heritage Models as Sustainable Scholarly Resources. Sustainability 2019, 11, 2425.

We were invited at very short notice to write this article, with a strict word limit, but a month before the invitation we had an earlier, sort of similar article reviewed very critically (apparently) by the first reviewer of another journal. Rather than wait for review 2 we pulled that article. So this article was built on the ruins of that article. However I never saw the reviewer 1 comments!

I write this as this article has been very well received (and downloaded) so far (well in 3 or so weeks). If there are negative comments out there I am happy to hear them. The article was merely to document what was missing from virtual heritage conference papers and direct access to 3D models, it was not meant to say there are no major 3D repositories or to blame conferences for not having many links to 3D contents. Rather it was meant to say, here is the data, you can cite or use it if you like (from the MDPI website), improve or critique it, but let us next try to solve these problems.

National Research Infrastructure (NRI)

Thinking about the above for a meeting with 19 other people in a few weeks at an organization I have never been to, with people I don’t think I know..to discuss NRI. For humanities and social sciences.

There was criticism from the Australian Academy of Humanities President on the Australian Government 7 May 2018 response (to the 2016 report), entitled FACILITIES FOR THE FUTURE UNDERPINNING AUSTRALIA’S RESEARCH AND INNOVATION

Funding will enable greater integration and modern accessibility of datasets available through the Australian Urban Research Infrastructure Network (AURIN) and the Atlas of Living Australia.
Investments will ensure the preservation of the National Collections maintained by CSIRO through the construction of a new and purpose-built building to consolidate the housing of existing national insect, wildlife and plant collections to ensure their long term preservation. A scoping study will be undertaken to identify the technology platform and capabilities needed to establish HASS and Indigenous research platforms.

CSIRO stands for Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation. So not obviously Humanities or Social Sciences (HASS). Yet many of their projects and infrastructure have implications for communities. Perhaps an opportunity wasted, or perhaps still waiting to be explored.

So where does this leave my planning for the workshop? It seems to me funding and recognition typically boils down to machines, centres, or investment/competition/start up plans. With Digital Humanities in Australia, one can argue there is no clear equivalent say to the European EU DH infrastructures/meta groups; nor an equivalent to the US NEH (National Endowment for the Humanities).

  • HASS research could better sell potental impacts and benefits. The UK quantify research impact/engagement; do other countries?
  • There is no single NRI to achieve this, one meta infrastructure would squeeze out the smaller disciplines/projects.
  • We are currently limited by lack of international funding/collaboration; cost of travel; siloization of research into non OA journals;  lack of Media/Public interest (arguable, I guess); and being excluded from the National Science and Research Priorities (compare it to Europe or NZ). And no, when you apply for a national grant, you ARE supposed to propose something addressing these highly applied, production-oriented, applied outcomes and priorities. Priorities, one might argue, that should already be driving businesses, not the entire academic body of  universities.  HASS needs to get on the board here.
  • Consider the discussion outcomes, and the implications for the Draft Terms of Reference for the HASS scoping study.
  • NB “The 2016 National Research Infrastructure Roadmap is officially underway with the release of the Terms of Reference.”

 

 

 

 

digital heritage models

Digital Archaeology and virtual heritage are not exactly equivalent but I have not seen a paper putting forward a clear definition and relationship. Perhaps that is why a Digital Heritage conference could be attended by archaeologists, archivists, museum experience people, interaction designers, programmers, scanning experts, librarians or museum people. Seldom are they all together, let alone in the same sessions.

If UNESCO and related organizations wish to preserve digital cultural heritage they will have to clearly distinguish between CAD model repositories and online web models (one can have both in one but is it too much of a compromise?)

Another issue is that charters developed for digital heritage, UNESCO digital heritage charter, London Charter, Seville Principles, Burra charter, ICOMOS Venice charter, are read but not used in the creation and storage of most projects.
My solution would be to build a template that is both a heuristics and an information collector that would be used to create suitable meta-tags and classification, based on a hybrid practical implementation of the charters as a query form that helps relate models to ontologies and to other digital collections.

CFP: Workshop at Digital Humanities 2014, Lausanne, 8 July 2014

Are we there yet? Functionalities, synergies and pitfalls of major digital humanities infrastructures

DH2014 Workshop: Maximum Number of Participants: 30 (flexible)
Date: Tuesday, July 8th 2014, 13.00-16.00
Facilitator(s):

  • Agiatis Benardou, Research Associate, Digital Curation Unit, IMIS-Athena Research Centre, Athens, Greece
  • Erik Champion, Professor of Cultural Visualisation at Media Culture and Creative Arts, Humanities Faculty of Curtin University, Perth, Australia
  • Lorna Hughes, University of Wales Professor and Chair in Digital Collections, National Library of Wales, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom

Overview:
This workshop aims to bring together leading scholars involved in major digital scholarly infrastructure projects such as DARIAH, NeDiMAH, Europeana Cloud, ARIADNE, 3D ICONS, EHRI, DASISH, LARM, CLARIN, DiRT and DHCommons, in dialogue with practising digital humanists. Topics to be addressed include cultural heritage and digital media infrastructures, tools and services; the creation and curation of humanities digital resources; social and institutional issues of Digital Humanities infrastructures; and finally, lessons learnt from the role of digital humanities in pedagogy and academic curricula. It will provide an opportunity for humanists to find out about cutting edge developments on major digital infrastructure initiatives in Europe and beyond, and to make their views matter on future developments in this field.
The workshop aims to go beyond a description of project presentations. It will seek to provide an analytical framework that could contribute to a critical understanding of the current state of digital infrastructures vis-à-vis the potential of digital archives, tools and services for humanities scholarship, by addressing the following questions:
1. What are the objectives of each digital infrastructure project, and what are its intended users?
2. What are the functionalities and outcomes it aims to provide, and how do they serve the overarching goal of supporting and transforming humanities research?
3. To what extent were the needs of humanities researchers considered, and how is the digital humanities research community involved in the project?
4. Are there potential synergies, and actual collaboration, with other infrastructure projects? Conversely, are there any overlaps?
5. What are the main lessons learned from the life of the project so far? What are the pitfalls and potential failures, and what improvements could be achieved?

Audience:
The half-day workshop is expected to be of interest both to those involved in digital research infrastructure work, and to digital humanists who may benefit from the use and contribute to shaping the plans for future developments of digital infrastructures, tools and services.
Proposals should consist of an abstract of up to 500 words and a short bio which should be submitted by e-mail to: a.benardou@dcu.gr
The submission deadline is April 30th 2014.
The proposals will be evaluated and selected by a program committee of international experts. The length allocated to each contribution (10-15 minutes) will be decided by the program committee, depending on the number of contributions and the strength of the proposals.
Notifications regarding the acceptance of proposals will be sent out by May 14th, 2014

Researchers as Infrastructure article in “Studies in the Digital Humanities”

My article Researchers as Infrastructure is now available in The Proceedings of the Digital Humanities Congress 2012 at:

http://www.hrionline.ac.uk/openbook

This is the first issue of the University of Sheffield’s new journal, Studies in the Digital Humanities.
The journal is optimised for viewing on desktop PCs and mobile devices, in HTML, PDF and e-Book formats.

Research is not infrastructure

..sometimes.

Research infrastructure is not research just as roads are not economic activity. We tend to forget when confronted by large infrastructure projects that they are not an end in themselves. There is an opportunity cost to investing precious research funds into infrastructure. Every $100,000 lab that lasts four years before needing renewal is the equivalent to $25,000 a year for a Ph.D. student to do research for four years.

A is not B, just as C is not D. OK. But C can be A.

Road Infrastructure  The backbone of transport system

In order to develop innovative and cost-effective alternative transport concepts and to assess their potential impact, research is required on two areas. First, the needs and opportunities for new transport means and systems over the next 10 to 30 years, such as the innovative use of pipelines, floating tunnels, automated underground distribution systems, large capacity transport means, including investigations as to how current means could fulfil future requirements and how innovative technologies can be integrated. Second, the safe, efficient and environmentally-friendly integration of new means of transport, e.g. high-speed vessels, into existing transport operations.

I enjoy Professor Rockwell’s papers, but I disagree that infrastructure is not research, and by that I mean research infrastructure has to be research-based, otherwise it is not providing for genuine research. This is a complex argument (I hope that does not mean long-winded) so I won’t go into it too much tonight.

Key issues though are

  • what is are humanities?
  • what is infrastructure?
  • can infrastructure be emergent research?

From my knowledge of gothic cathedrals and computer games I say “yes it can” to the last question.

I still like his conclusion though even if I argue with his definition of (research) infrastructure.

NB is housing intangible? I think not.

“research infrastructure” means equipment, specimens, scientific collections, computer software, information databases, communications linkages and other intangible property used or to be used primarily for carrying on research, including housing and installations essential for the use and servicing of those things.” (From the Budget Implementation Act, 1997, c. 26)

Reference

Rockwell, G. (2010, May 14). As Transparent as Infrastructure: On the research of cyberinfrastructure in the humanities. Retrieved from the Connexions Web site: http://cnx.org/content/m34315/1.2/